Annexure-VIII
HYGIENE AND MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS OF AQUACULTURE AND ALLIED ESTABLISHMENTS
I. Site location and selection
- Aquaculture operations should be located in areas where the risk of contamination with hazardous chemical effluents is minimal and where sources of pollution can be controlled.
- Aquaculture operations should be sited at a safe distance from potential sources of water contamination in order to ensure protection of products from contamination.
- The immediate vicinity of aquaculture operations should be free of potential sources of water contamination and in particular should not be located downstream and close to:-
(a) Industrial activity;
(b) Intensive agriculture (especially animal husbandry);
(c) Densely populated areas or urban areas;
(d) Hospitals;
(e) Major roads.
- Before building a land-based aquaculture facility, a survey of the soil should be conducted in order to determine the concentration and extent of any parameters which are of importance for the safety of end products, including heavy metals and pesticide residues.
- Cages, pens or any other form of aquaculture enclosures or water intakes should be sited away from routes of water-borne traffic, and preferably upstream of any water-borne traffic
- Cages, pens or any other form of aquaculture enclosures or water intakes should be sited away from, and preferably upstream of, any natural or artificial discharges of contamination.
II. Aquaculture site facilities
- All aquaculture establishments shall have an adequate number of flush toilets for the use of staff.
- There shall be an adequate number of wash hand basins, and an adequate supply of single use towels or appliances for drying the hands.
- Sanitary facilities should be located so as to ensure that there is no risk of contamination of fish ponds.
III. Pond preparation
- Weeds, rubbish and debris should be removed before preparing aquaculture ponds for filling with water.
- If necessary ponds should be conditioned with lime and left for a period of at least two weeks before filling and stocking.
- At least once each year the pond should be drained, allowed to dry out and, if required, re-conditioned with lime.
IV. Aquaculture feeds and feed materials
- Aquaculture feed stored at the aquaculture facility should be held in a properly constructed and well-ventilated facility, and protected from the entry of insects, birds and rodents.
- Slaughterhouse waste and of all mammalian food animals may only be used as a food for fish if it is first cooked.
- Compound feed should not be used for feeding fish unless the user is informed of the composition, including any supplements added by the manufacturer.
- Compound feed treated with veterinary medical supplements (including hormones and antibiotics) are considered to be veterinary medicines as mentioned in annexure iv, v, vi of the guidelines.
V. Harvesting, equipment and materials
- Harvesting areas and methods within the aquaculture facility should be designed and constructed for easy, fast and hygienic operation.
- All equipment used for harvesting, catching, sorting, grading, conveying and transporting of aquaculture products should be designed for their rapid and efficient handling without causing mechanical damage
- Equipment, containers and utensils coming into contact with aquaculture products should be designed and constructed to ensure that they can be adequately cleaned, disinfected and maintained to avoid contamination.
- All surfaces of boxes, implements and other equipment which come into contact with aquaculture products should be of corrosive resistant material which is smooth and easy to clean, or be designed for a single use only.
- If re-usable boxes are used to carry aquaculture products from the production area, then a suitable means of cleaning with water and detergent, and disinfection should be provided
VI. Personal hygiene
- Any person working at an aquaculture facility shall maintain a reasonable standard personal hygiene and take all necessary precautions to prevent the contamination of the aquaculture products.
- Any cut or wounds on hands and forearms shall immediately be covered by a suitable water-proof dressing.
- Persons suffering from infectious diseases, or from a helminthic parasitic infection, or who have infected wounds, boils or other skin infections, or who are suffering from diarrhea are not permitted to work in an aquaculture operation.
- Personnel who work in aquaculture operations shall, on their appointment and in one year intervals, thereafter, undertake a health test to ensure that they do not suffer from any of the above conditions. Health documents of every person shall be kept at the facility and shall be available to the competent authority on request.
- Any person entering an aquaculture establishment must refrain from spitting or eating food, urinating or defecating, except in areas or locations designated for these purposes, which must be away from production areas.
VII. First aid box
- Each aquaculture facility shall be provided with a first aid box, which should contain at the minimum
- A sufficient quantity of impermeable dressings;
- Antiseptic cream or disinfectant;
- Cotton wool and adhesive tape.
VIII. Exclusion of animals
- Domestic animals should be excluded from aquaculture operations and areas adjacent to ponds.
IX. Cleaning and Disinfection schedule
- Areas around the ponds should be kept clean and free from rubbish, waste aquaculture products and items not associated with the aquaculture operation.
- A permanent written cleaning and disinfection schedule should be drawn up to ensure that all parts of the aquaculture facilities and equipment therein are cleaned appropriately and regularly.
- A named person should be responsible for implementation of the schedule.
- The schedule should be available for inspection at all times.
- Aquaculture personnel should be trained in the use of special cleaning tools, methods of dismantling equipment for cleaning and should be knowledgeable in the significance of contamination and the hazards involved.
X. Fish landing site
- Each fish landing site, auction or wholesale market shall provide working areas which are of sufficient size for work to be carried out under adequate hygienic conditions.
- The location, design and layout shall be such as to preclude contamination of the products and to allow separation of activities which might give rise to contamination of the fish during landing, sale or storage.
XI. Fish Display Site/ Whole Sale Market
The sites/ area where fishery products are handled, displayed or stored shall be:
- Protected against the entry of animals and unauthorized personnel
- Prevented from being exposed to direct sunlight during periods when they are displayed for sale;
- Waterproof non-slip flooring which is easy to clean and disinfect and laid down in such a way as to facilitate the drainage of water.
- Adequate artificial lighting if work is conducted at night.
- Provided adequate number of wash hand basins and supply of soap, single use towels or appliances for drying the hands
- Facilities for cleaning and disinfecting tools, equipment and fittings
- Facilities for the cleaning and disinfection of transport vehicles.
- Equipment (weighing scales, worktables, fish containers, and knives) shall be made of corrosion-resistant materials which are easy to clean and disinfect.
- Facilities shall be provided to ensure adequate supplies of potable water treated by an appropriate system, under pressure and in sufficient quantities for processing and hygiene operations.
- There shall be provided an adequate hygienic waste-water disposal system.
- The establishment shall have an adequate number of flush toilets.
- Rodents, insects and any other vermin shall be systematically exterminated in the area.
XII. Disease monitoring and control system
- Any person working at an aquaculture establishment (fish farm, hatchery, cage farm, cold storage, feed mill, feed store) shall maintain a hygienic environmental condition and take all necessary precautions to prevent the breakout of diseases i.e., bacterial, fungal, parasitic or water-borne.
- Operator of the aquaculture establishment should monitor the health condition of rearing aquatic products regularly.
- Aquaculture establishments personnel should be trained in identifying, curing the diseases
- Aquaculture establishments should maintain record of disease, occurrence of disease, duration of disease, type of disease and type of fish that fall a victim of it, remedial measures, time period of recovery, name and quantity of medicine used for treatment.
- Recorded data should be provided to Fisheries Department or concerned authority on their demand.
XIII. Seed quality
- In breeding, inter-specific hybridization, negative selection of broods, improper bloodstock management should be avoided in hatcheries, farms or aquaculture establishments.
- Introduction of seed from outside GB and import from other countries is strictly prohibited until/ unless permission from concerned Fisheries Department.
XIV. Record keeping and batch identification
- Effective records should be kept of each batch of aquaculture products grown in each pond, and of veterinary drug regimes, feeding methods and quantities, water quality parameters.
- The records should be kept for a period of one year after harvest.
- Each batch of aquaculture products leaving the farm for market or for processing should be allocated a batch number which relates it to the information records described below.
- Permit number of the aquaculture establishment;
- Name of the enterprise;
- Date of harvesting;
- Species;
- Batch number.
XV. Traceability
- The traceability of aquaculture products, feeds used in aquaculture systems, and any other substance intended to be, or expected to be, incorporated into an aquaculture product or aquaculture feed shall be established at all stages of production, processing and distribution.
- Operators of aquaculture establishments shall be able to identify any person from whom they have been supplied with aquaculture products, an aquaculture feed, or any substance intended to be, or expected to be, incorporated into an aquaculture product or aquaculture feed. To this end, such operators shall have in place systems and procedures which allow for this information to be made available to the competent authority on demand.
- Operators of aquaculture establishments shall have in place systems and procedures to identify the other businesses to which their products have been supplied. This information shall be made available to the competent authority on demand.
- Aquaculture products or aquaculture feed which is placed on the market or is likely to be placed on the market shall be labelled or otherwise identified through relevant documentation or other information to ensure its traceability.
- Each operator of an aquaculture establishment must prepare a written recall plan detailing the procedures to be followed in the case that a batch of aquaculture products which has left the possession of the operator should be withdrawn from being placed on the market.
XVI. Minimum monitoring requirements for the internal control system
- Monitoring programs should be implemented by the operator of an aquaculture establishment to check that:-
- waste and debris e.g. dead or diseased aquaculture products do not build up and are disposed of in a hygienic manner
- personal hygiene and health standards are maintained
- cleaning and disinfecting programs are implemented
- quality of water is maintained
- aquaculture feeds, feed supplements and other additives applied to aquaculture products do not contain any substances whose use is prohibited by law
- The results of all monitoring actions and of any corrective actions take after monitoring must be recorded.
XVII. Prohibited Substances
- Specific veterinary medicines and medicinal premixes may have prohibition in aquaculture products:
- Chloramphenicol and derivatives, e.g. thiamphenicol (TAF)
- Dimetridazole
- Metronidazole
- Compounds which produce a nitrofuran metabolite (Furazolidone, Furaltadone, Nitrofuratoin, Nitrofurazone)
- Malachite green and leucomalachite green
- Anabolic substances for growth promotion purposes
i. Stilbenes, stilbene derivatives, and their salts and esters
ii. Antithyroid agents
iii. Steroids
iv. Resorcylic acid lactones including zeranol
v. Beta-agonists
- Veterinary medicines and medicinal premixes for inclusion in aquaculture product feeds shall not be used if their active ingredients are prohibited for use in food animals as:-
- Anthelmintics
- Anticoccidials, including nitroimidazoles
- Carbamates and pyrethroids
- Sedative
- Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs